In order to measure single components of the cosmic radiation field during single missions, different types of dosimeters have been developed and used. There two basic groups of dosimeters : active and passive dosimeters. The active type allows to measure online and provides exposure rates while the passive types deLiver an integral value. Both types are optimized to measure special radiation components and selected to complement each other in their recording characteristics. Following types will be used:
Irradiation produces excited electrons that will be trapped in lattice imperfections of the TLD crystal. Heating up the crystal, a luminescence signal is emitted that is a direct measure of the radiation dose.
Particle radiation produces latent tracks that are visible after the exposition by means of an etching process. The data allows to generate LET- spectra, particle fluence and energy spectra.
It is based on two identical passivated implanted planar silicon (PIPS) detectors (Canberra Semiconductors) The produced charge is a measure for the radiation dose. It is designed to continuously monitor temporal variation of the particle count rate, the dose rate, particle andLinear Energy Transfer (LET) spectra.
It is a low pressure-ionization chamber surrounded by a 1.9 mm tissue-equivalent layer (A-100). The gas volume simulates the volume of a cell of 1 µm diameter. Electrons produced with through interactions with the wall material and entering the gas volume will be collected in an electric field. The TEPC measures the microdosimetric distribution of the radiation as function of the lineal energy, which can be used as surrogate measurement of LET. It allows to provide a measurement of the dose equivalent.