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Working Area Emissions Analysis and Modelling

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To evaluate the potential effects of aviation emissions on peoples' health and the global climate it is necessary to exactly quantify these emissions. The operating parameters of individual aircraft and engine types are determined by engine and aircraft performance calculation. Based on these data the amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapour, nitrous oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and soot (mass and number of particles) emitted are evaluated, specifically for each type of aircraft or engine as well as dependent on the type of flight mission (flight phase, altitude, range, payload factor).

The tools used for these emission calculations are methods available from literature or developed in-house that correlate the emitted amount of any species to the individual characteristic engine operating parameter(s). As reference data to adjust these correlation methods sea level static measurement data from certification tests published in the ICAO data base for all engine types are used.

These calculations deliver information how much of each species is emitted by individual flights at a certain time and (three-dimensional) location into the atmosphere. Combining and analysing this information with a number of aircraft movements from a traffic data base gives results like the inventory of soot emissions of the global air traffic of March 1992, as shown in figure 1. Inventories like this one are essential input for modelling the influence of human activities on the earth's climate. The latest tools available deliver inventories with much higher spatial and temporal resolution (figure 2).

Emissionsmodellierung


Zur Ermittlung der Emissionen einzelner Flüge und des globalen Luftverkehrs werden Korrelationsmethoden eingesetzt. Die Verfahren reichen von einfachen Abschätzungen anhand des Brennstoffverbrauchs bis hin zu Korrelationen basierend auf einer größeren Anzahl charakteristischer Triebwerksparameter.
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Flugleistungsrechnung


Die Flugleistungsrechnung ermöglicht die Analyse der Emissionen und der Performance von Flugzeug-/Triebwerkkombinationen auf Flugmissionslevel. Dazu wird der Schubbedarf des Triebwerks in jeder Flugphase bestimmt und die entsprechenden Leistungs- und Emissionsdaten aus dem gekoppelten Triebwerksmodell berechnet.
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Alternative Brennstoffe


Alternative Treibstoffe sind eine vielversprechende Möglichkeit den Kerosinverbrauch und die Emissionen der Luftfahrt zu senken. Nachhaltige Rohstoffe auf biologischer Basis steigern zudem die Energiesicherheit und können langfristig zur Preisstabilität beitragen.
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Kontakt
Martin Plohr
German Aerospace Center

Institute of Propulsion Technology
, Engine
Tel.: +49 2203 601-2115

Fax: +49 2203 601-5143


Florian Wolters
German Aerospace Center

Institute of Propulsion Technology
, Engine
Tel.: +49 2203 601 3796

Fax: +49 2203 601-5143


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