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Areas of Competence

	MONITOR Indicator Scheme The MONITOR indicator scheme as one of three pillars of the monitoring system on global air transport development is an outcome of a EU-funded project.
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MONITOR-Database for Air Transport Developments

In order to be able to model, forecast and evaluate the development of air transport on various spatial scales, as precise information as possible is required on the description of this development. As part of the MONITOR portal the database has the aim to supply information to multiple stakeholders on air transport development, especially for strategic analysis, modeling activities and quantification exercises.

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	Air Freight Model - Analysis and Forecast of Air Freight The development of air freight is considered as an early indicator for economic changes; thus, a reliable air traffic forecast is very important for the industry and decision makers in policy. The air freight market is quite different compared to sea freight and freight by ground.
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Concepts in Transport Policy for the Reduction of Aircraft Noise

Shortages in capacity are one of the biggest problems in international air transport. Most of the bottlenecks result from a lack of acceptance of necessary extensions at airports operating at full capacity. In a comprehensive study, the Air Transport and Airport Research Unit described various concepts for transport policy to limit or reduce aircraft noise.

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	Air Transport in Germany Air transport covering a traffic volume of more than 190 million passengers in Germany in 2008 has mainly been handled at around 25 international airports. The largest airport is Frankfurt/Main with approx. 53 million passengers per year. The network is built up by several other regional airports and a large number of airports operating with shorter runways.
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	Emission Inventory - The 4D Calculation Model FATE Although emissions caused by the air transport sector constitute only a minor part of the total pollution - like ground transport, industry, households their relevance with regard to the environment is of highest interest. There is an ever increasing need to model the actual flight route in the dimensions of space and time.
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	Airport Capacity Constraints Forecast Modell Forecasting of airport extension delays and their consequences for the whole air traffic system are the aim of the Airport Capacity Constraints Forecast Model. Delays are mainly caused by lengthy planning and approval procedures and possible lawsuits.
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	Concept for the Quality Assessment of the Security at Airports In order to analyse and to objectively assess the security in an airport terminal, the measuring system „Level of Security“ has been developed. In the scope of this work, parameters have been identified which influence the level of security.
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	German Air Traffic German air traffic comprises both overflight traffic and airplanes heading for domestic airports. At 7am on September 11 2009, approximately 350 civil airplanes were flying in the German controlled air space. More than 35% were only flyovers requiring neither departure nor landing on an airport in Germany.
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	Air Traffic Forecasts FW works on a broad spectrum of air transport forecasts. Beside the spatial and the temporal dimension, DLR forecasts also vary in their aim, which may comprise both demand parameters like traffic volume, traffic performance or traffic flows with regard to passengers or freight and supply parameters like flights and flight movements at airports.
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Efficiency Analysis for the Security Area

A current survey by SITA (Societe Internationale de Telecommunication Aeronautique) confirms the increasing importance of self-service checkin. For the passengers, this represents an enhancement of comfort and flexibility regarding their arrival at the airport, because waiting times at the checkin counter are eliminated. For airport operators, on the other hand, the question arrises what impact the different arrival behavior of passengers has on the efficiency in the security area.

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	Chaos at the Airport? Delays, cancellations, endless waiting - such situations are often described in the media as being chaotic. But are they really chaos? This question was first examined within the scope of a doctoral thesis in the virtual institute, a cooperation between DLR and RWTH Aachen.
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Inclusion of Air Transport into the European CO2 Emission Trading

In the beginning of 2009, the European Directive for the inclusion of international and national air transport into the European CO2 Emission Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) has come into effect. From 2012 onwards, all airlines are obliged to hold and surrender emission allowances for all flights departing from or landing at European airports.

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	Enviromental Report in the Air Transport Sector Since several years now, the air transport industry is intensifying its efforts to decrease the environmental impact of air transport. The increasing number of environmental reports by airlines and airports is an important indicator for this development.
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Airline Pricing and Consumer Rights

When designing ticket prices airlines apply various methods in order to optimally skimming the willingness to pay of their various customer groups. Often, particularly cheap offers for tourists are rendered unattractive to business travellers by restrictions of the airline's general terms and conditions. Nevertheless, there are numerous possibilities to bypass the pricing system and pay lower fares.

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	Traffic Oriented Microscopic Simulator TOMICS is a simulation software for modelling individual passenger movements in the traffic space. Emphasis is put on modelling a preferably wide spectrum of all traffic processes in the terminal area.
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	Macroscopic Simulation of Passenger Flows in the Terminal For the landside examination of airports, a system dynamics model is being developed within the project FAMOUS as passenger simulation for the detection and possible elimination of shortages.
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	Low Cost Carrier Since a few years so-called Low Cost Carriers (LCC) are constantly emerging in the German air transport market by aquiring demand mainly through low prices. The US-American airline Southwest, currently ranging among the world`s 10 major airlines, is the pioneer of all LCC`s.
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	Low Cost Carriers all over the World In Europe, cheap flights are almost taken for granted. Some airlines offer individual flights for less than 20 Euro - one can even do a tour around Europe for 100 Euro!
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Capacity Constraints at Airports - Adaptation Strategies of the Airlines

At the large international hubs like London Heathrow and Frankfurt, the problem of capacity constraints is continuously growing. Forecasts predict an annual increase in demand in global air transport of about 5% for the next 20 years. Airlines operating in environments with limited capacity have to ask themselves how to tackle the increase in demand despite the limitations in capacity.

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German, European, and Global Air Transport

During the last decades, the demand of air travel has grown considerably both globally and domestically in Germany and Europe. Despite several drops in demand during times of crisis, a steady growth is observed, which will also continue after overcoming the financial crisis. Worldwide, the largest amount of air transport takes place in America and Europe, the highest growth rates, however, are seen in Asia.

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	Long Haul Traffic Potential of Secondary Airports In Europe, intercontinental flights are concentrated at a few large hubs and some major secondary airports like Manchester or Düsseldorf. The vast majority of non-hubs, however, are hardly present in the long haul market, even though many of them possess sufficient infrastructure to handle wide body aircraft.
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Business Aviation

Business Aviation is part of the air transport. It is of particular interest for business travellers due to short distances, a certain comfort, and speed. Since in this segment smaller aircraft are used, which require shorter runways than the regular scheduled air and charter traffic, they can operate from a larger number of airports. Since 2005, however, these airports have to be adjusted to the new standards according to a JAR-OPS rule.

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Models for Airport and Access Mode Choice

In order to guarantee sustainable traffic development, models are required to analyse the effects of future scenarios of traffic infrastructure on passengers' ground access and air traffic. Such studies allow for the accommodation of societal aspects and aspects of sustainability. The Model is - unlike previous approaches - universally applicable, which allows for an intensive analysis of future scenarios of infrastructure developments.

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Forschungsthemen