Standardized in ITU-R P.681-7 (10/09) "Propagation data required for the design of Earth-space land mobile telecommunication systems"
In autumn 2002 the German Aerospace Center (DLR) carried out a high resolution measurement campaign to investigate the land mobile satellite navigation multipath channel. High bandwidth navigation systems like GALILEO are strongly disturbed by reflections from structures close to the receiver. To model these effects a very high time resolution is required. Especially for the BOC (Binary Offset Carrier) signal structures the delays of echoes have to be known in ns accuracy. Approaches of the past to describe the multipath effects have resolutions of 50 ns, which is not satisfying for high precision positioning. For the measurements a Zeppelin simulated the satellite transmitting a signal down to a measurement van equipped with the receiver and various sensors. During the campaign more than 60 measurements, each lasting for about 15 minutes, were taken in several urban, suburban and rural scenarios for car and pedestrian applications.
One critical scenario for navigation applications is the urban environment with the often shadowed or blocked direct path signal and many reflecting objects. Measurements took place in the centre of Munich, Germany. From this data a novel model was derived taking deterministic effects and statistical distrubtions from the measurement into account. Using the same model structure, suburban environments can be simulated by using appropriate scenery parameters and the statistics gained from the measurements in Fürstenfeldbruck, a small town near Munich. A Matlab implementation of this model for non-commercial research and scientific purposes is available here.
To cite this channel model you can use:
@misc{ https ://doi.org/10.26090/hdnk , doi = {10.26090/HDNK} , url = { https ://www.KN−S . dlr .de /COS−LMS} , author = { { Steingass Alexander } and { Lehner Andreas }} , title = { Software model for satellite to land mobile multipath propagation .} , publisher = {German Aerospace Center (DLR )} , year = {2019} }
https ://doi.org/10.26090/hdnk
The following publications describe the measurement campaign, the data analysis and the modeling of the land mobile channel:
Steingaß, A., Lehner, A. Measuring GALILEO´s Multipath Channel European Navigation Conference ENC-GNSS 2003, Graz, Austria, April 22-25, 2003.
Steingaß, A., Lehner, A. Measurement of the Navigation Multipath Channel - A Statistical Analysis Institute of Navigation Conference ION GNSS 2004, Long Beach, USA, September 21-24, 2004.
Lehner, A., Steingaß, A. A Novel channel model for land mobile satellite navigation Institute of Navigation Conference ION GNSS 2005, Long Beach, USA, September 13-16, 2005.
Lehner, A., Steingaß, A., Schubert, F. A Location and Movement Dependent GNSS Multipath Error Model for Pedestrian Applications ATTI Journal dell'Istituto Italiano di Navigazione (189), pp. 108-119, ISSN 1120-6977, Italien Institute of Navigation I.I.N., Rome, Italy, 2009.