Standardized in ITU-R P.682-2 (02/07) "Propagation data required for the design of Earth-space aeronautical mobile telecommunication systems"
Along with the development of GALILEO it became necessary to improve the knowledge about the aeronautical channel. Power, delay and bandwidth of reflections at aircraft structures are not modelled accurate enough for the new GNSS signal structures. For that reason the European Space Agency ESA commissioned a contract about a measurement campaign in 2002 to a research consortium: JOANNEUM RESEARCH - Austria, UNIVERSITY OF VIGO - Spain and the German Aerospace Center DLR. Only reflections which arrive shorter than the chip duration mainly contribute to the positioning error of a navigation receiver. This nature of the system made it necessary to measure the channel with an extremely high bandwidth of 100 MHz, which results in a time resolution of 20 ns, enhanced down to 1 ns by using a super-resolution algorithm. The most critical scenario for aeronautical applications is the "final approach", the last 3 minutes prior to landing. From the measurements we derived a model for this situation. Reflections at the aircraft structure and ground reflections are modelled for two different jet planes, a VFW 614 and an Airbus A-340. Measurements took place at Thalerhof airport in Graz, Austria. A Matlab implementation of this model is available here.
Aeronautical Channel Model is available here.
If you want to cite this model you can use:
@misc{https://doi.org/10.26090/fukd, doi = {10.26090/FUKD}, url = {https://www.KN-S.dlr.de/DOI-fukd}, author = {{Steingass Alexander} and {Lehner Andreas}}, title = {Aeronautical Multipath Channel Model Software}, publisher = {German Aerospace Center (DLR)}, year = {2019} }
The following publication describes the measurement campaign, the data analysis and the modeling of the aeronautical channel:
Steingass, A.; Lehner, A.; Pérez-Fontán, F.; Kubista, E. und Arbesser-Rastburg, B. Characterization of the aeronautical satellite navigation channel through high-resolution measurement and physical optics simulation International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking (26), Seiten 1-30. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steingass, A.; Lehner, A.; Pérez-Fontán, F.; Kubista, E.; M.J., M. and Arbesser-Rastburg, B. A High Resolution Model for the Aeronautical channel Proceedings of the PLANS 2004. Position Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS 2004), Coronado, CA, April 24-27, 2004, Coronado, CA, 2004.
Steingass, A.; Lehner, A.; Pérez-Fontán, F.; Kubista, E.; M.J. M. and Arbesser-Rastburg, B. The High Resolution Aeronautical Multipath Navigation Channel ION NTM 2004, San Diego, USA, January 26-28, 2004.
Hornbostel, A. und Steingass, A.; Crisci, C. und Prieto-Cerdeira, R. und Zanier, F. und Garcia-Molina, J. GNSS Receiver Performance Assessment with a Realistic Aeronautical Channel Model. NAVITEC 2010, Nordwijk, Holland, 2010.