Evaluation of uncertainties in linear energy system optimization models using neural networks
Duration: December 2019 until December 2022
Funded by: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action
Project Participants: Institut für Technische Thermodynamik Institut for Networked Energy Systems Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Technische Uni Berlin – Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften GAMS Software GmbH, Frechen Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik, Berlin
Project Manager at the Institute of Networked Energy Systems: Dr. Benjamin Fuchs
Project Description:
For the development and analysis of energy scenarios, the application of models is crucial. Considering the fact that energy systems analysis is an important instrument for policy advice, the question of the reliability of scenarios is essential as these scenarios are subject to a large number of uncertainties. This challenge is addressed in UNSEEN. By inspecting a very large parameter space, a hitherto unattained number of model-based energy scenarios is to be evaluated. In particular, this also includes extreme and disruptive scenarios.
In the past, the main obstacle to applying extensive parameter variations to energy scenarios was unmanageable computing time. This issue is also addressed in UNSEEN. In the predecessor project BEAM-ME, considerable success concerning the reduction of computing times of extensive and complex energy system optimization models has been achieved by the development and application of the open source solver PIPS-IPM++. This in general has laid the foundation for the application of high performance computers to solve such large models.
However, PIPS-IPM++ is a solver suited for continuous, linear optimization problems. For modelling of real infrastructures and the derivation of concrete measures for the implementation of the energy system transformation, considering of discrete decisions is indispensable (for example, decisions for the investment in a certain storage power plant at a particular site). Solving the resulting optimization problems represents an additional challenge, which is addressed by the project’s central methodological approach – the training of neural networks by “reinforcement learning". Among other things, this method should enable a fast "prediction" of the results of an optimization problem in order to provide a hot start solution for a deterministic solver algorithm. Based on PIPS-IPM++, this method should enable solving of so-called mixed-integer linear optimization problems on high performance computers.
Based on the results of the parameter variations for energy system optimization problems, detailed analyses of the scenario space are performed by means of model couplings (e.g. with REMix and AMIRIS) and statistical analyses. For this purpose, indicators are determined which provide information on essential aspects of the adequacy, operational safety and economic efficiency of the corresponding scenarios of future energy systems.