NF Space

Innovative fuel combinations

The aim of the project is to further develop three innovative fuel combinations for space flight and increase their technology readiness level (TRL) in order to enable progress towards commercial application. This involves creating numerical and analytical models, conducting experimental investigations, optimising combustion chambers and engines, and testing them under real conditions.

NF (NeoFuels) Space

 

duration

2026 – 2028

Areas of application

  • Attitude and trajectory control of satellite and orbital propulsion systems,
  • reusable spacecraft, upper and kick stages, space stations, lander propulsion systems,
  • staged combustion and gas generators for reusable spacecraft, main and upper stages.

N2O-based fuels

Green fuels, nitrous oxide-based mono- and bipropellants, simplify the propulsion system as no additional tank or pressure system is required. The aim is to develop non-explosive nitrous oxide fuel mixtures. To this end, suitable, innovative 3D-printed combustion chambers and corresponding advanced fibre-ceramic materials are being developed. Fuels of this type are planned for use in the attitude and trajectory control of satellite and orbital propulsion systems.

Hypergolic bipropellants made from ionic liquids and hydrogen peroxide

The combination of green hypergolic bipropellants based on ionic liquids (ILs) and hydrogen peroxide is intended to replace toxic hypergolic fuel combinations while covering higher thrust ranges of space propulsion systems. The aim is to develop metal-free, low-viscosity fuel formulations, qualify novel, additive-manufactured materials, and conduct hot gas tests in a combustion chamber with up to 200 Newton of thrust under vacuum conditions. In addition, hybrid hypergolic fuels based on ILs are being investigated that are neither air- nor water-sensitive and do not produce solid combustion products.

Fuel combination of liquid oxygen and methane for rocket propulsion

Compared to hydrogen, methane offers advantages in terms of handling, storability and cost, with only a slight reduction in performance. The aim is to build up a broad database for combustion processes under extreme mixing conditions and high pressures (> 200 bar) in order to support the development of future reusable space propulsion systems. To this end, experimental investigations are being carried out and supplemented by physical models and numerical simulations of the combustion processes under real operating conditions.

Research and testing infrastructure

Research Infrastructure

Physical-Chemical Laboratory

Environmental compatibility now also plays a decisive role in space flight. Satellites are currently powered by hydrazine. This fuel can be stored for a long time and also works reliably under space conditions. The disadvantage is that it is harmful to health. DLR in Lampoldshausen has therefore built up expertise in the replacement of storable propellants.

Research and Test Infrastructure

Technical Center M3

The M3 technical center investigates the basic processes in rocket combustion chambers, in particular fuel preparation, injection, ignition and combustion of rocket propellants, and develops rocket combustion chamber technologies.

Research and Test Infrastructure

Test Bench Complex M11

The M11 test bench complex is used to investigate the potential uses of new, advanced propellants and propulsion types for aerospace applications.

Research and Test Infrastructure

Research and Technology Test Bench P8

The P8 research and technology test bench enables the testing and development of individual engine components through to entire propulsion systems with a wide range of available media.