DLR Prescreening of new fuel candidates

Simfuel-Database
The database contains the properties of more than 15,000 fuels and relevant substance groups.

The introduction of alternative fuels for civil aviation is associated with major challenges for manufacturers, even though the demand for sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) is now increasing - not least due to the new legal requirements for blending quotas in the EU and the USA. With prescreening, we offer an opportunity to test and characterise the properties even before approval and with small quantities.

The approval for new types of fuel is extremely complex because safety is a top priority in aviation. This prioritisation is unavoidable, but also represents an enormous hurdle for innovations. This is because fuel manufacturers lack important information about the suitability of their fuel for approval in the early stages of development, when sufficient quantities are not yet available for experimental tests. Against this background, the researchers at the institute have developed a method based on probabilistic machine learning algorithms to evaluate new fuel candidates with regard to the requirements for approval: the DLR Prescreening. We make the resulting information available to fuel-producing partners to enable holistic product development and reduce the risk of subsequent approval. With the Technical Fuel Assessment, we offer a further, scientifically in-depth and comprehensive service aimed at the targeted optimisation of a fuel for the respective purpose.

The DLR Prescreening

Our prescreening process is based on the two-stage procedure developed in collaboration with the National Jet Fuels Combustion Programme (NJFCP). The analysis is possible with just a few millilitres. First, the fuel composition is analysed in the laboratory using qualitative and quantitative two-dimensional-gas chromatography (GCxGC) and trace component analysis. The composition is analysed component by component according to C-number and substance group. Then, in a second step, selected properties of the fuel candidate are predicted using the property models of the SimFuel platform and compared with other fuels from the SimFuel platform and specification limits. The database, which was also set up as part of the Jetscreen project, now contains data on more than 15,000 conventional jet fuels and more than 450 new types of fuel, as well as numerous analyses of the most important molecular groups and models for material properties. Many of these fuels originate from research projects that have made their data available.

Fuel sample with prescreening data
In prescreening, a fuel is first chemically analyzed, then its properties are compared with those of other fuels and the specifications of the ASTM standardization authority.

Our team uses supervised machine learning to predict the properties for the comparative analysis. The algorithms are trained with the data from the SimFuel database. They are then used to simulate and evaluate the properties of a new candidate based on the detailed gas chromatography results. The visualisation of the results in specially developed, complex diagrams makes it possible to see at a glance what behaviour a fuel will exhibit later - and, above all, whether these properties are within or outside the specifications set by the ASTM.

Point of contact for manufacturers from all over Europe

In the years since the project Jetscreen, the interdisciplinary team has built up unique expertise in the evaluation of new types of fuel. It is the official contact for companies from all over Europe. Numerous research projects and companies have had samples of their developments analysed at the institute and have been able to use the feedback to optimise their processes. The evaluation of a whole range of new fuels, in combination with combustion chamber tests and co-operation with other DLR institutes in flight tests, has shown that the prediction made by the prescreening developed by us is not only accurate, but also very precise.

Contact

Dr. Markus Köhler

Head of Department Chemical Kinetics and Analytics Department
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Institute of Combustion Technology
Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569 Stuttgart

Dr. Patrick Le Clercq

Head of Department
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Institute of Combustion Technology
Multiphase Flow and Alternative Fuels
Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569 Stuttgart